Emilio Jacinto

Talambuhay ni Emilio Jacinto -Utak ng Katipunan



Si Emilio Jacinto ay ipinanganak sa Trozo, Manila noong Disyembre 15, 1875. Ang kaniyang mga magulang ay sin Mariano Jacinto at Josefa Dizon.
Siya ang kinikilalang Utak ng Katipunan. Sinulat niya ng Kartilya ng Katipunan at ang mga tulang “Sa Mga Kababayan”,ang “Pahayag”at ang “A La Patria”.
Siya ang editor ng Kalayaan, ang pahayagan ng Katipunan.
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Noong Agosto 30, 1896, ang Katipunan ay sinugod ang garrison ng mga Kastila sa San Juan del Monte.

Nautusan si Jacinto na iligtas s Jose Rizal mula sa kinasasakyan nitong bapor papunta sa Cuba. Hindi pumayag si Rizal.

Noong Febrero, 1898, siya ay nasugtn sa pakikipaglaban sa mga sundalong Kastila sa Maimpis, Laguna. Siya ay ginamot ng isang doctor na Kastila.

Tumakas siya papuntang Majayjay upang pamunuan ang mga Katipunero sa lugar na iyon.
Namatay si Jacinto sa edad na dalawampu’t apat sa sakit na malaria. sa Majayjay, Laguna noong Abril 1899.

Gregorio Del Pilar- Bayani ng Tirad Pass

Talambuhay ni Gregoria del Pilar


Si Gregorio del Pilar y Sempio ay ipinanganak noong Nobyembre 14, 1875 at namatay noong December 2, 1899. Siya ay isa sa pinakabatang heneral sa Rebolusyon s Pilipinas at ang Giyera ng Filipino at Amerikano.
Ang kaniyng mg magulang ay sina Fernando H. del Pilar at Felipa Sempio ng Bulacan, Bulacan. Siya ay pamangkin nina Marcelo H. del Pilar at Toribio H. del Pilar.
Siya ay nagtapos sa Ateneo de Manila noong 1896 sa edad na dalawampu. Nang magkaroon ng rebolusyon laban sa Espanya sumali sya kay Andres Bonifacio.
Siya ay kinuha ni Emilio Aguinaldo upang siyang manguna sa mga tropa sa Bulacan at Nueva Eciha.

Nang pumutok ang labanan ng Filipino laban sa Amerikano noong Febrero 1899, natalo niya si Major Franklin Bell at napatay niya si Koronel John Stotsenburg.
Noong Disyembre 2, 1899 , pinangunahan niya ang animnapung sundalo para bantayan ang Tirad Pass upang makatakas si Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo.
Nambaril siya sa leeg na kaniyng ikinmatay. Matagal bago nailibing ang kaniyang labi na walang pangalan.

Nakilala na lamang siya dahil sa kaniyang gintong ngipin na ipinalagay niy noong siya ay nasa Hongkong.

Apolinario Mabini

Talambuhay ni Apolinario Mabini -Utak ng Rebolusyon-Sublime Paralytic



Si Apolinario Mabini ay isinilang noong Hulyo 23, 1864 sa Talaga, Tanauan, Batangas; ikalawa saw along anak ni Dionisia Maranan, isang tinder sa palengke at Inocencio Mabini, isang magsasaka.

Siya ay nagtrabhong katulong habang nag-aaral sa paaralan na pag-aari ni Simplicio Avelino. Nag-aral rin siya sa Paaralan ni Fr. Avelino Malabanan, isang kilalang gurong nabanggit sa nobela ni Dr. Jose Rizal.
Sa pagsisikap, nakapagtapos siya sa Colegio de San Juan de Letran noong 1887. Siya ay nagpatuloy mag-aral ng Batas na tinapos niya noong 1894 sa Pamantasan ng Sto. Tomas.

Sa pag-aaral sa unibersidad, nakilala niya ang mga taong nagnanasa ng pagbabago sa pamamalakad sa Pilipinas ng mga Kastila. Isa dito ay si Marcelo del Pilar na siyang nagsusulat sa La Solidaridad. Ang kaniyang naging katungkulan ay ang ipadala kay del Pilar ang kaniyang mga obserbasyon sa Pilipinas at kung ano ang dapat gawing reporma.
Hindi siya sumali sa rebolusyon na sinimulan ni Andres Bonifacio sa paniniwalang hindi pa sila handa.

Ang kaniyang pagkakasakit ay pagiging paralisado mula sa baywang ang nagligtas sa kaniya sa parusang kamatayan sa mga taong nahuli ng mga Kastila.

Ang kamatayan ni Jose Rizal ang nagtulak sa kaniya upang sumali na sa rebolusyon na pinangungunahan ni Emilio guinalso.
Ginawa siyng pangulo ng Gabinete at siy ng sumulat ng mga batas para sa Gobyernong Rebolusynaryo.

Naghinala siya sa mga Amerikno noong tumulong ito sa himagsikan. Noong 1899, sumambulat nman ang Giyera laban sa mg Amerikano.Siya ay nagtago sa Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija nang inaaresto ang mga lider ng rebolusyon.
Nang siya ay mahuli, siya ay kinulong sa Fort Santiago mula Disyembre 11, 1899 hanggang Setyembre 23, 1900.
Paglabas niya ay patuloy pa rin ang hindi niya pagkilala sa mga Amerikano kaya pinadala siya sa Guam. Dahil sa takot mamatay sa ibang lupain, siya ay napilitang sumumpa ng pagkilala sa kapangyarihan ng Amerika.
Nang Mayo 1903, nagkaroon ng cholera sa Maynila at isa si Mabini sa nagkasakit at namatay.

Gregoria de Jesus

Biography of Gregoria de Jesus


Gregoria de Jesus

Gregoria was born in Kaloocan on May 15, 1875. Her parents were Jesus de Jesus who was a carpenter and served as gobernadorsillo while her mother was Baltazara Alvarez Francisco.


She married Andres Bonifacio in a Roman Catholic rites at the Binondo Church in 1894 and in another set of rites in the Katipunan in July 1893, the same time when the women’s chapter of the Katipunan was formed. Together with Marina Dizon, Josefa Rizal, Angelica Lopez, Delfina Herbosa and Benita Rodriguez, they were initiated as Katipunan members. She adopted the name Lakambini.

Gregoria and Andres had one child but the child died of small pox and their house in Sta. Cruz was burned. She was designated the keeper of records and the seal of the Katipunan. To escape capture, she often crossed provinces on foot. After Bonifacio’s untimely death, she lived in the mountains of Pasig where she met Julio Nakpil. They were later wed in Quiapo Church in Manila.

They lived in the Quiapo house of Dr. Ariston Bautista, a friend of Filipino propagandists in Spain.

Gregoria died on March 15, 1943.

links
1. autobiography

Philippine National+Heroes,Gregoria de Jesus

Epifanio delos Santos

Biography of Epifanio delos Santos


Epifanio delos Santos
(1871-1928)

Lawyer, journalist, historian, philosopher, bibliographer, biographer,painter, poet, musician, literary critic, antique collector, and librarian.Born in Malabon, Rizal, on April 7, 1871. Died on April 28, 1928, in Manila.

EPIFANIO DELOS SANTOS

He was the first Filipino member of the Spanish Royal Academy in Madrid.

Epifanio delos Santos y Cristobal was born on April 7, 1871, in Malabon, Rizal, the only son of Escolastico de los Santos and Antonia Cristobal. His father was an educated and wealthy hacendero, and ardent student of history and a product of Ateneo de Manila his mother attended school at the Colegio de la Consolacion, and was a finished player of the harp and other musical instrument.

He enrolled at the Ateneo de Manila where he obtained after six years a Bachelor of Arts with excellent grades and notable marks in many subjects. Upon leaving Ateneo where he spent time in painting, he concentrated of some time in music. The arts fascinated him, but when he transferred to University of Santo Tomas it was to up law
which he finished in March in 1898.

He and Jose Clemente Zulueta published in 1898 the news paper Libertad in Malabon.He also became an associate editor of La Independencia, the first revolutionary periodical, and a contributor of El Renacimiento, La Democracia, La Patria, and Malaysia.

He was appointed District Attorney for San Isidro, Nueva Ecija in 1900. In 1902, he was elected as Governor of Nueva Ecija.

In 1906, he moved to Malolos where he was the provincial Fiscal for both Provinces of Bulacan and Bataan.

He conducted extensive researches on Philippine History and Literature
and enriched his Filipiniana collection thereby establishing his
reputation as a historian and bibiliographer.


He married twice. His first wife was Ursula Paez of Malabon and the second was Margarita of Malolos.

On April 18,1928, Don Panyong died in Manila, a victim of cerebral attack.
The long highway EDSA was named after him.

Epifanio delos Santos
Philippine National Heroes

Gabriela Silang

Biography of Gabriela Silang


Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang(March 19, 1731- September 29, 1763)

María Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang was the first Filipino woman to lead a revolt during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. An active member of the insurgent force of Diego Silang, her husband, she led the group for four months after his death before she was captured
and executed.

She was born on March 19, 1731 in Caniogan, Ilocos Sur,with a mestizo (Spanish / Indigenous Ilocano ancestry). She was adopted by a wealthy businessman who later married her at the age of 20, but left after three years. In 1757, she married again, this time to 27-year-old
indigenous ilocano rebel leader, Diego Silang. She became one of his closest advisors.

On May 28, 1763, her husband was assassinated by order of royal and church authorities in Manila. After her husband's death, she fled on horseback to the mountains of Abra to establish her headquarters, reassemble her troops, and rally the Tingguian community to fight. They descended on Vigan on September 10, 1763. But the Spanish garrison was ready, amassing Spanish, Tagalog, and Kapampangan soldiers and Ilocano collaborators to ambush her and rout her forces. Many were killed. She escaped, alongside her uncle Nicolas and seven other men,
but later caught on September 29, 1763. They were summarily hanged in Vigan's plaza, with Gabriela being the last to die.



Gabriela Silang
Philippine National Heroes

Melchora Aquino

Known as Tandang Sora, Melchora Aquino, the Mother of the Revolution was born in Banilad, Kalookan City, on January 6, 1812 .

Using her small sari-sari store as refuge, she fed,treated and encouraged Bonifacio with her motherly advice and prayers the Katipuneros under the leadership
of Andres Bonifacio .

She was already old when the revolution broke out in 1896. She had very little education but she was literate.

She was aptly called the "Mother of Katipunan." When the Spaniards learned about her activities, they arrested her and exiled her to the Marianas islands.

When the Americans took possession of the Philippines in 1898, Tandang Sora, like other exiles returned to the Philippines, poor and aging. For a time, she lived with her daughter Saturnina.

On March 2, 1919, she died at the age of 107.

Philippine Heroes,Melchora Aquino

Juan Luna

Juan Luna
(1857-1899)

A genius of the brush and a patriot of the highest order. Creator
of the world-famous painting, SPOLARIUM, which was awarded the gold
medal in the Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes in Madrid in 1884.
It is also known as the greatest painting of all times.

Juan Luna y Novicio was born on October 23, 1857 in Badoc, Ilocos
Norte, Philippines, the third child of seven children. He showed
took up painting and traveled to Rome to study the masters. He settled
in Paris and married Maria de la Paz, a prominent Filipina from
the Mestizaje family of Pardo de Tavera. In a rage over his suspicion
of infidelity on the part of his wife, he mercilessly shot her and
her mother to death in September 1892. Tried by a French court
and subsequently convicted in 1893, he was sentenced to pay the
victims' immediate kin but one franc each for their loss, as the
court had deemed the murders a crime of passion. In 1894, Luna
returned to the Philippines after an absence of almost 20 years.

His most famous piece, The Spoliarium, for which he won top
prize at the 1884 Madrid Exposition, is currently in the National
Museum in Manila.

Upon his return to the Philippines, he was arrested two years
later under suspicion of sedition. He was later pardoned. His
brother, General Antonio Luna, was an active participant in the insurgent Katipunan movement.

In 1898, after the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish-American
War, the fledgling Philippine Republic appointed him as a delegate
to the Paris convention and to Washington, D.C. to help gain
recognition of Philippine sovereignty and independence.

Luna died in Hong Kong, December 7, 1899. He was rushing home
from Europe after hearing of his brother’s assassination by
members of the Katipunan.

Juan Luna,Philippine National Heroes

Marcelo del Pilar

Marcelo H. Del Pilar
(1850-1896)



Political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain Marcelo del Pilar known
as Plaridel was born in Kupang, Bulacan, on August 30, 1850.

Marcelo H. del Pilar (August 30, 1850—July 4, 1896) was a celebrated
figure in the Philippine Revolution and a leading propagandist for reforms in the Philippines. He was the editor and co-publisher of La Solidaridad.

He studied at the Colegio de San José and later at the University of Santo Tomas, where he finished his law course in 1880.

Enraged by the abuses of the clergy, Del Pilar defended in court the poor victims of racial discrimination. He had a mastery of Tagalog, his native language that enabled him to communicate with the masses.

In 1882, Del Pilar founded the newspaper Diariong Tagalog to propagate democratic liberal ideas among the farmers and peasants. In 1888, he defended José Rizal's polemical writings by issuing a pamphlet against a priest's attack, exhibiting his deadly wit and savage ridicule of clerical follies.

In 1888, Del Pilar went to Spain, leaving his family behind. In December 1889, he succeeded Graciano Lopez Jaena as editor of the Filipino reformist periodical La solidaridad in Madrid.
He promoted the objectives of the paper by contacting liberal Spaniards who would side with the Filipino cause. Under Del Pilar, the aims of the newspaper were expanded to include removal of
the friars and the secularization of the parishes; active Filipino participation in the affairs of the government; freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly; wider social and political freedoms; equality before the law; assimilation; and representation in the Spanish Cortes, or Parliament.

"Plaridel’s writings in Tagalog were forceful. Rizal’s writings in Spanish were not understood by most Filipinos."


Plaridel is the chosen "patron saint" of today’s journalists, as his life and works prized freedom of thought and opinion most highly, loving independence above any material gain. He died of tuberculosis in abject poverty in Barcelona, Spain, 1896.



Marcelo del Pilar,Philippine National Heroes

Jose Rizal

June 19, 1861-He was born in Calamba Laguna as the seventh child in a family of 11. His parents were Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos

1864 -At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet from his mother
1865 -at 5, while learning to read and write, he already showed inclinations to be an artist. He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay.

1869 -At the age 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of which revolves on the love of one’s language.

1877- at the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an average of "excellent" from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In the same year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas, while at the same time took courses leading to the at the Ateneo.

March 21, 1877- He finished the ldegree of surveyor and expert assessor.

March 21, 1878-He passed the Surveyor’s examination. but because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice the profession until December 30, 1881.

Biography of Jose Rizal in timeline format


1878- He enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies when he felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors.

May 3, 1882, he sailed for Spain where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine.

June 19,1885, at the age of 24, he finished his course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of "excellent."

Having traveled extensively in Europe, America and Asia, he mastered 22 languages. These include Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and other native dialects. A versatile genius, he was an architect, artists, businessman, cartoonists, educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, ophthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian. He was an expert swordsman and a good shot.

March 1887-His daring book, NOLI ME TANGERE, a satirical novel exposing the arrogance and despotism of the Spanish clergy, was published in Berlin; in 1890 he reprinted in Paris, Morga’s SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS with his annotations to prove that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be proud of even long before the Spaniards set foot on Philippine soil

September 18, 1991- EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and a sequel to the NOLI and more revolutionary and tragic than the latter, was printed in Ghent.

July 6, 1892-July 15, 1892-He was imprisoned in Fort Santiago on a charge that anti-friar pamphlets were found in the luggage of his sister Lucia who arrive with him from Hong Kong.

While a political exile in Dapitan, he engaged in agriculture, fishing and business; he maintained and operated a hospital; he conducted classes- taught his pupils the English and Spanish languages, the arts. The sciences, vocational courses including agriculture, surveying, sculpturing, and painting, as well as the art of self defense; he did some researches and collected specimens; he entered into correspondence with renowned men of letters and sciences abroad; and with the help of his pupils, he contracted water dam and a relief map of Mindanao- both considered remarkable engineering feats.

November 3, 1986 -December 30, 1896. He was imprisoned again in Fort Santiago In his prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known as "Ultimo Adios" which is considered a masterpiece and a living document expressing not only the hero’s great love of country but also that of all Filipinos. After a mock trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and of forming illegal association.

December 30, 1896- Rizal was shot at Bagumbayan Field.

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Jose Rizal biography,timeline